The first response to falling glucose levels is to limit the secretion of insulin. In such conditions, the secretion of counter-regulatory hormones becomes elevated to bring the fall in sugar levels back to normal. This can happen when glucose is removed from the bloodstream too quickly or when glucose delivery is faulty-or both.
Hypoglycemia typically results from an imbalance between glucose synthesis and utilisation. This is because there's a fine balance between glucose production and its utilisation by the insulin-sensitive tissues (such as the brain and skeletal muscles). Under normal conditions, blood glucose levels are constantly maintained. In healthy individuals, the counter-regulatory hormones act as a principal defence against low blood sugar. However, it is fairly common in patients with diabetes mellitus, especially those who undergo insulin treatment. For this reason, it is quite uncommon to witness hypoglycemia in normal, healthy individuals.
Since glucose is a major source of fuel for the body, the sufficient uptake of glucose is tightly regulated by a series of hormones and other body responses.
The four known counter-regulatory hormones are: They raise blood sugar levels by promoting the release of stored glucose in the liver and limiting sugar uptake by muscle cells, making the cells resistant to insulin. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) both refer to glucose imbalance conditions.Ĭounter-regulatory hormone secretion happens when the expected levels of glucose fall in the body (hypoglycemia). However, there are certain circumstances that can create an imbalance in blood glucose levels. This is generally acquired due to a built-in physiological system that regulates blood sugar at constant levels. Our bodies require constant supplies of glucose to maintain bodily functions. What do counter-regulatory hormones do?Ĭounter-regulatory hormones are those that act in opposition to the insulin hormone. In this article, we discuss the impact of counter-regulatory hormones and their role in the body. These hormones are called counter-regulatory hormones.Ĭounter-regulatory hormones oppose the function of insulin, meaning they work to raise blood glucose levels. There are many known factors that can create changes in glucose levels, including hormones that are released in conditions like stress, sickness, or as a result of insulin deficiency itself. That said, glucose management holds great significance, and its understanding goes beyond just carbohydrates and insulin. Particularly, our brain requires a constant supply of glucose to maintain its functions. Glucose is a major source of energy for our bodily tissues.
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